Inference from evidence
The idea
An inference combines clues in a text with relevant background knowledge. It should be plausible and supported, but may remain uncertain. Distinguish what the text states directly from what you infer. Consider alternative explanations before treating an inference as fact.
Worked example
“Maya shook the rain from her coat and placed a wet umbrella by the door” supports the inference that she had been outside in rain. It does not prove how long she was outside.
Another application
A character looking repeatedly at a clock may be concerned about time. The text may not establish whether the character is late, impatient, or expecting someone. Additional clues help distinguish those possibilities.
A common misunderstanding
An inference should not include more detail than the evidence supports. Plausible background knowledge can help, but speculation must remain labeled.
Try it yourself
Make a two-column chart: exact textual clue and supported inference. Add one claim that the clue does not justify.
Check your understanding
Does a wet umbrella prove that a character walked to school?
Reveal the explained answer
No. It suggests rain exposure, but not a specific route or destination.